history without words

sources:

https://smartbridge.com/remodeling-recursive-hierarchy-tables-for-business-intelligence/

https://www.pinterest.com/eleanorwhyton/ancient-egyptian-dress/

http://www.ancient-origins.net/history-famous-people/shrouded-history-nitocris-was-last-pharaoh-sixth-dynasty-woman-005347

Natural Resources:
Resources within egypt are fairly rich, the primary resources are oil and gas. The crude oil is found mainly in the Gulf of Suez and in the Western Desert and the natural gas is found mainly off the Mediterranean seashore and even in the western desert.Since 1995 there has been a decline in crude oil and Egypt has turned its focus to natural gas, it increased by approximately 75%, the excess amount of natural gas will meet the countries needs for many years while still being able to export plenty for trade. But oil and gas is not the only resource that Egypt is rich with such as iron ore, phosphate, limestone, talc, and zinc but the more dominate resources that bring income into Egypt's borders Honey, Papyris Plant, River Nile.

Change:
Over the years Egypt has always been known for its beauty and gems, the area has been self sustaining for many years with the Nile alotting for most of their natural resources. Once gas and oil were found the country began to excel a lot more and exporting began to build the country. This increase in exports helped to build relationships between other countries such as the United States and Saudi Arabia.

Trading:
Ancient Egypt imported and exported goods from numerous neighboring countries. They started exporting stone and pottery vases, linen, papyrus, gold vessels and dried fish, mostly beautiful arts created within its boards but Egypt imported a lot more goods such as horses, cattle, cedar wood, silver and copper. At the start of trade in Egypt Caravan routs were one of the most important means of exchanging these goods, one route led to the south and the other to the north. The Nile was also used as an important trade route connecting north to south leading to the Mediterranean exposing Egypt to many more resources to link the country with more international trade. With international trade being exposed Egypt was able to prosper as it found new resources. The oil and gas trade took up over half the exports that left the borders.Egypts main trading partner is EU, its covers 22.9% of Egypt's trade volume in 2012 and ranked first both as Egypt's import and export partner.Trade between EU has steadily progressed especially since 2004 and the growing finds of oil fields helped to build the trade even more.

Sources:

Amarsys. Egypt: BG plans third pipeline to its West Delta Deep Marine gas project offshore Egypt. Accessed April 2017. https://www.energy-pedia.com/news/egypt/bg-plans-third-pipeline-to-its-west-delta-deep-marine-gas-project-offshore-egypt.

"Pic 2 Fly." Egyptian Trade Goods submited images. Accessed April 2017. http://www.pic2fly.com/Egyptian Trade Goods.html

Chakravarti, Leila Zaki. Made In Egypt : Gendered Identity and Aspiration on the Globalised Shop Floor (1). New York, NY, US: Berghahn Books, 2016. Accessed April 2017. ProQuest ebrary.

PBS. Accessed April 2017. http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/newkingdom/resources.html.

Religion

Modern Religion
Egypt declared Islam the state religion in the 1971 constitution, the largest sect is Sunnis. Sunnis Islam is one of the larges groups of Islam, the difference between the two sections of Islam Sunni and Shia is the disagreement over the choice of Muhammad's successor. About 90% of the population in Egypt is Muslim while the remaining 10% is made up of mostly Christians. Although the constitution does allow for religious freedom the government has a long history  with suppressing those rights. One of the codes within the constitution prohibits religious practices that conflict Islamic law, so allowing religious freedom is still very limited within Egypt. Since most of the people in Egypt are Muslim a majority of the capital city Cairo is made up of Muslim people too, their are numerous mosques all over the city ranging from small local mosques to the Mosque of Ibn Tulun the largest in the city, religion pervades most of the life in Egypt, even closing schools on Fridays to recognize the Muslim holy day. But Egypt has not always been a land of Muslim believers, over the years Egypt has seen many prophets and religions pass through its borders.

Ancient Religion

Religion in Egypt's history is complex with a broad system of polytheistic beliefs and rituals which were a major aspect of social and political life in Egypt. We are all very familiar with the pharaohs of Egypt. The center of the religion focused on Gods who were present in life and controlled all forces of nature; weather, motherhood, agriculture. The people of ancient Egypt's formal religion were set around the pharaoh, the pharaoh was the link between the people and the gods. This religion is what formed the many monuments and statues in which people from all over the world come to visit, the religious history of Egypt stretched over 3,000 years before we see the transition into the now Muslim country we see today. The transition was slow, and started prominently between 1650-1550 BC when increased contact with the outside people led to the adoption of many new religious beliefs, and then as Egypt grew weaker with foreigners seizing the country and assuming position of pharaoh, the title of pharaoh began to decline and emphasis on other religions began to dominate the culture.

Religious Myths

Many myths have risen from ancient Egypt ones of great gods swooping down and saving the nation or at sometimes even handing out punishments. Pharaohs were seen as the connection between the Gods and the people they were half human half god, and the many drawings and monuments of ancient Egypt show just those descriptions. Egypt lay very close to the Mediterranean world and many of the artifacts have been well preserved to help tell the stories of the time, one of the most well known myths is one that even Hollywood movies have emphasized "The Contending of Horus and Seth" the story depicts a jealous brother murdering to gain control of a nation. Seth believed because of his wisdom he should become the next leader for he had been the one in charge of guarding the ship of Ra as it sailed through monster territory, Isis the goddess of motherhood pushed for her son Horus to be the king and carry his father's legacy. The story tells of battle between the family were Isis loses her head and Horus his eyes. We see many of these depictions of the story not only in Hollywood films but also in the artwork throughout Egypt, the eye of Horus is one of the most renown images of Egyptian culture and statues of Isis headless are in numerous temples. The myths tell many stories of betrayal and conquest but overall show how many of the beliefs of greatness were spread. In Christianity we have many stories of prophets reaching extraordinary limits, Moses partying the Red Sea, Jesus turning water to wine and many other examples that show the power of our God. The myths of Egypt are no different they tell the stories of greatness and how these pharaoh and gods were everything but ordinary.

Religious Impact

Egypt was Christianized during the first century C.E., when the country was part of the Roman Empire, Coptic Christianity claimed direct descent from ancient Egyptians. The foreigners who came into the area had the largest impact on religion within Egypt, during a time of weakness Christianity took hold of the people and grew when Constantine made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire in 4th century C.E. Although Coptic traditions differed from that in Rome held strong in Egypt for over 150 years when the next wave of religion took hold on Egypt. By 647 C.E. all of Egypt was under Islamic rule, and then not too long after Coptic Christians became a minority.

sources:

"The Eye Of Horus, by Moffarammes." Moffarammes. September 16, 2011. Accessed April 2017. https://moffarammes.bandcamp.com/album/the-eye-of-horus.

Baines, John R. "Ancient Egyptian religion." Encyclopædia Britannica. June 29, 2016. Accessed April 2017. http://www.britannica.com/topic/ancient-Egyptian-religion.

Belcher, Stephen. African Myths of Origin. London: Penguin Books Ltd., 2005.

Reader, John. Africa: a biography of the continent. New York: Vintage, 1999

Quirke, Stephen. Exploring religion in ancient Egypt. Malden, Mass: Wiley-Blackwell, 2015.

culture

Egyptian art

Egyptian art contained many different forms of art paintings, sculptures in stone, wood, and ceramics, drawings, jewelry, and ivories; all of these forms of are help show the culture and belief systems of the Egyptians. Egyptian art uses hierarchical proportion, where the size and portions of the figures within the are show their importance. Egyptian artwork focused on life after death, so we see many Gods and Pharaohs are larger and then it trickles down to servants, animals, and trees as small objects. Most of the artwork that still stands today is in that of monuments of pharaohs and Egyptian religious leaders. These strong beliefs caused for the art to be outwardly resistant to individual artistic judgement, the geography of Egypt also helped to create a stable environment for the art and culture to flourish. The most distinctive images of Egyptian artwork that stand out are those of the pharaohs with the body of a human yet head of a creature, these images are still most associated with the art and culture of Egypt.

Egyptian Architecture

Imagine Egypt, the first thing that comes to mind is three large pyramids, the Pyramids of Giza. Egypt was an area were the afterlife was the most important aspect, your life on earth was to earn and achieve riches to take with you to the afterlife. Large monuments were built and filled with riches included the mummified remains of the people. The monuments were built stone by stone, layer upon layer to reach towards the sky on the backs of many everyday servants and slaves. Due to lack of wood, the main building materials were mud brick and stone, most of the architecture in Egypt is based mainly on religious monuments. Then the inside of these structures were incased by beautiful pictures and hieroglyphics, emphasizing the lifestyle and beliefs of the people.

Egyptian art and architecture." Encyclopædia Britannica. Accessed March 28, 2017. https://www.britannica.com/art/Egyptian-art.

Riggs, Christina. 2005. The Beautiful Burial in Roman Egypt : Art, Identity, and Funerary Religion. Oxford: OUP Oxford, 2005. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost)